IEC 61000-4-5: Surge Test and Measurement Techniques

4 Attention in the test

(1)Protective measures must be taken in accordance with the requirement of the manufacturer before the test.

(2) The test rate is once per minute. It should not be too quick so as to form a recovery process for protecting the machine’s performance. As a matter of fact, it is impossible for the natural lighting phenomenon and the large switch of the transformer substation to have very high repetition rate. In general, there are five -times test for each positive and negative polarity.

(3) The voltage should be gradually tested from low level to high level to avoid the false scent of the sample I-V nonlinear characteristics. In addition, the test voltage should be confirmed not to exceed the requirement of the product standard in order to avoid the unnecessary damage.

5 Severe degree of the test

The severe degree of the test can be divided into 1, 2, 3, and 4 and X level. Level 13 parameter of the power circuit differential mode is not given, the other levels are respectively 0.5kV、1kV、2kV and undetermined. Each level parameter of the power circuit common mode test is  0.5kV、1kV、2kV、4kV and undetermined.

The severe degree of the test depends on the environment (the environment that may suffer the surge) and the installation condition; it is mainly divided into the following types:

Level 1: Better protective environment, such as the control room of the factories or the power station.
Level 2: Certain protective environment such as factories with no strong interference.
Level 3: Common electromagnetic harassment environment without specified installation requirement for the equipment such as the cable network of common installation, industrial work place and power substation.
Level 4: Severe harassment environment such as civil aerial, high-pressure power substation without protection.
Level X: Special level should be confirmed after the consultation of the user and the manufacturer.Selection of the product level depends on the product standard.

6 Comment on the standards

At present, there are many standards mentioning the situation of using 1.2/50μs lighting to do the test, but the different standard has different test objective. For example, high-pressure test also mentioned the lighting test for the impulse withstand voltage test with the high-pressure and high-resistance generator. At this moment, although the voltage of the generator is high, the energy is not huge. This kind of test is conducted in the off-line state of the equipment. On the contrary, IEC 61000-4-5 standard requires conducting the surge anti-interference measurement. Due to the low circuit impedance, the output impedance of the generator is also required to be low. In this way, the generator suitable for surge anti-interference measurement not only needs to have high output voltage, but also needs to have low output impedance and large energy output characteristics. Since the equipment conducts the measurement in the on-line state, coupling and decoupling network should be used. It can be seen that the above mentioned two kinds of experiments are totally different, which should not be confused.

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