LED light engines and integrated LED bulbs are often applied to various types of lamps, including decorative lamps, non -fixed direction lights, etc. Generally speaking, the performance of LED bulbs, including light flux, light efficiency, color, life, etc., will be affected by the LED knot temperature, and the knot temperature is also affected by the installation method and application of LED bul...
Protection against direct contact General Protection against direct contact is employed to prevent persons from touching live parts that do not meet the requirements of 7.3.5 and shall be provided by one or more of the measures given in 7.3.4.2 (enclosures and barriers) and 7.3.4.3 (insulation). Open type sub-assemblies and devices do not require protective measures against direct contact but the ...
Introduction Equipment and buildings in the offshore oil and gas sector are often exposed to very corrosive conditions, such as seawater, humidity, and extreme weather. Costly repairs, production delays, and possible environmental issues may all result from corrosion compromising the integrity, safety, and operating efficiency of offshore equipment. Corrosion resistance testing is essential to ens...
Introduction Measurement and characterisation of the light distribution from a wide variety of sources may be accomplished with the help of goniophotometry, a method that has several applications. While goniophotometers are most often thought of in relation to lighting design and analysis, they really have a lot of uses in the area of projection and display technology. This article delves further...
11 Provision for earthing 11.1 General Accessories with earthing contacts shall be so constructed that when inserting the plug the earth connection is made before the current-carrying contacts of the plug become live. When withdrawing the plug, the current-carrying pins shall separate before the earth connection is broken. Socket-outlets are tested using a test plug having the dimensions of the co...
Introduction The food and beverage business works in an environment that is highly regulated, and the emphasis is always placed on the quality and safety of the products. Manufacturers depend on a wide variety of testing strategies and technologies to assure customer satisfaction and achieve the rigorous requirements they must adhere to. Environmental chambers are only one example of the kind of c...
Introduction Light is essential in horticulture, since it affects the progress and yield of plants. Due to their low power consumption and adaptable spectral features, artificial light sources like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted a lot of interest in horticultural applications. It is necessary to precisely define and monitor the spectrum output of various light sources in order to opti...
Introduction The quest for smarter and more efficient systems on the power grid has resulted in the development of technologies that are used in smart grids. By using advanced communication and control technologies, these advancements increase the capacity to monitor, manage, and optimize electrical networks. However, due to the increasing complexity and integration of electronic components in sma...
Introduction The maritime sector has substantial corrosion difficulties due to the frequent exposure of structures and equipment to corrosive marine conditions. Corrosion testing is essential for ensuring the long-term viability and dependability of materials and coatings. When determining the corrosion resistance of maritime components and coatings, salt spray test chambers are necessary. This ar...
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