The Lighting Product EMC Problem and Testing Technology

LEDs and LED luminaires with high light efficiency, longer lifetime, better energy saving and environmental friendly advantages to achieve top position on the lighting industry, like indoor and outdoor lighting application. With the introduction of various national support policies, there appeared many LED lighting products manufacturer, but the quality of LED lighting products is not good well which influence the LED lighting product’s marketing promoting more or less. According to market quality checking, the failure rate of LED lighting product reach to 39%, most of failure products related with harmonic currents, surge impact, harassment voltage electromagnetic compatibility test items. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is an important factor affecting the reliability of LED lighting products.

1. EMC Test Standards:
There haven’t LED special standards focus on EMC test, the current practice is based on the field of LED lighting products, refer to the implementation of the relevant standards. Such as automotive LED lighting products should refer to CISPR25<Limits and test methods of protect vehicle receiver from radio disturbance characteristics>, ISO7637-2< Road vehicles – Transient conduction from conduction and coupling of electrical disturbances along supply lines> and ISO11452< EMI electromagnetic energy – Component test methods for road vehicles narrowband radiated> etc EMC standards, this article will not discuss them here. The point need discuss is general purpose LED lighting products (except automotive lighting, aircraft lighting, photocopiers and other special LED lighting equipment) EMC test standards, as shown in Table 1 below:

Standard No	Standard name
CISPR15 EN55015 GB17743	<Limits and test methods of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment>
IEC/EN 61547 GB/T 18595	<EMC immunity requirements of general lighting products>
IEC/EN 61000-3-2 GB 17625.1	<Electromagnetic compatibility – Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16A)>
IEC/EN 61000-3-3 GB 17625.2	<Electromagnetic compatibility limits for voltage changes the rated current per phase ≤ 16A and unconditional access for equipment in public low-voltage power supply system, voltage fluctuations and flickers limits>

 

2. EMC Test Item:

LED lighting product’s EMC test item included EMI and EMS. EMI mean electromagnetic interference, test LED lighting products may cause performance degradation or damage to generate electromagnetic disturbance of other things (including equipment, systems, people and animals and plants). EMS mean electromagnetic susceptibility( immunity test), test LED lighting product’s immunity ability for electromagnetic disturbances such as lightning, ESD static test and the fight against ringing waves immunity.

EMI test	Main test content	Main test equipment	Test Environment
Conducted disturbance	9kHz~30MHz, QP/AV	EMI receiver, Artificial network	Shielding room
Harassment radiation (Magnetic induction current)	9kHz~300MHz, QP	EMI receiver, Antenna	Shielding room
Radiation Harassment (field)	30MHz~300MHz, QP	EMI receiver, CDNE, antenna	Anechoic chamber

 

EMS test item	Main test content	Main test equipment	Test Environment
Electrostatic discharge immunity	Contact discharge±4kV, Air discharge±8kV	Esd gun	No special requirement
Electrical fast transient burst immunity	Repetition rate 5kHz, Highest test level±1kV	EFT immunity generator	No special requirement
Surge immunity	1.2/50μs, Highest test level±2kV	Surge generator	No special requirement
Voltage dips short interruptions and voltage variations immunity	0%UT, Duration of 0.5 cycles, 70%UT, Keep 10 cycles	Voltage dips and interruption generator	No special requirement
Ring wave immunity	Forefront of the open circuit voltage wave 0.5μs short circuit current wave frontier≤1μs oscillation frequency 100kHz±10%	Ring wave generator	No special requirement

The table 2 list EMC test items of LED lighting products which inlcuded main test intem, main test equipment, test environmental. The following will focus on the EMI test, electrostatic discharge and surge test.2.1. EMI Test:EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) included conducted interference and radiated interference. Conducted interference refers to the signal coupling through a conductive medium (interference) on an electric power network to another network; Radiated interference is the source of interference to its signal coupling through space (interference) to another radio network. In high-speed PCB and system design, the high-frequency signal line, the integrated circuit pins, various types of connectors so may become a source of interference with the antenna radiation characteristics, capable of emitting electromagnetic waves and affect other systems or to other subsystems within the system normal operation. As we know, the test object for EMC is electronic and electric device, among them, lighting is an important part which should do the EMC test naturally. Like FCC from America and CE from European Union, both of them request EMC measurement of LED lighting device. When talk about electromagnetic disturbance, generally it indicates two disturbance sources, one is conductive interference, it means that the disturbance signal will affect the EUT by conducting medium or public power supply; according to FCC, the LED lighting should do the conductive interference test at the frequency of 0.15MHz to 30MHz; but according to CE, it requests to do the test at the frequency of 9KHz to 30MHz. The other is radio disturbance, it means the disturbance signal will pass to electric network or device by the way of space coupling; according to FCC, the LED lighting should do the radio disturbance test at the frequency of 30MHz to 1GHz; but according to CE, it requests to do the test at the frequency of 30KHz to 300MHz.

In the lighting industry, when testing EMI frequency range at 9KHz~30MHz, there have two ways: The first is use Antenna and EMI Receiver which according to CISPR15, EN55015 and GB17743. For the low-frequency magnetic fields equipment which may produced by lighting luminaries, it need to adopt the provisions of tricyclic CISPR16-1-4 low frequency magnetic field antenna measurement radiation harassment. This need use three Loop Antenna and EMI receiver working together to measure it, and the testing must operate at inside of shielded room. Note: the three loop antenna made X direction, Y direction and Z direction’s low frequency magnetic field component converted to RF signal, and supplied to a receiver via three channels of EMI coaxial switch; The second way is use LISN, the testing system include EMI Receiver, Artificial Network Power, LISN and software. Conduction disturbance test system for measuring normal working lighting and lighting equipment’s harassmen which produced by power port. LISN achieve isolation RF signal, sampling, impedance matching, and provide electricity for EUT channel, EMI receiver for RF signal measurements and finally analyzed by EMI testing software, processing and sentenced limit. The testing must operate at inside of shielded room.

At the meantime, the testing EMI frequency range at 9KHz-300MHz will be use CDN. The CISPR15，EN55015 and GB17743 standards are also mentioned another way to measuring lighting equipment’s radiation harassment electric. that’s CDN common-mode terminal voltage method. The CDN test method include EMI Receiver, CDN and Attenuator, the testing can operate at inside of shielded room.

Base on CISPR16, Lisun Group developed two EMI test systems. According to the standards for traditional Lightings and new LED lightings, the frequency scanning range is different. The scanning frequency for EMI-9KB is 9 KHz to 300MHz, which is applied to LED and traditional lighting test; the scanning frequency for EMI-9KA is 9 KHz to 30MHz, which is applied to traditional lighting test. Both of them input three data to judge if the EUT can pass the test or not, that is PK, QP and AV. And user is freely to setup the standards (like GB17743, FCC, EN55015, GB4343) directly in the software.

2.2. Electrostatic Discharge Test:

LED is semiconductor device, under LED manufacturing, assembly, transportation, storage, production of equipment, materials and the operator all of these factors can bring static losses of LED which caused leakage current increases, the light fades increase, or even “dead lights” phenomenon. Electrostatic discharge will caused influence and damage for reverse leakage current, forward I-V characteristic and luminous flux of LED product. Electrostatic discharge is one of the important factors affecting the LED and LED lighting product reliability.

LED chip is key part of LED lighting product. For LED electrostatic discharge immunity testing should follow the relevant international standards such as the American National Standard ANSI / ESD STM5.1, ANSI / ESD STM5.2, the IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) standard electronic JESD22-A114D, JESD22-A115-A, the US military Party standard MIL-STD-883 and so on. Lisun Electronic Shanghai office R & D designed and developed ESD61000-2 30KV Esd gun which is designed according to LEDs static-sensitive level and characteristics, it applied with Machine Model (MM) and Human Body Model (HBM) electrostatic discharge test, electrostatic discharge voltage maximum up 30KV; LED voltage and current measure accuracy can reach to 0.2%; LED forward voltage resolution 1mV; reverse leakage current resolution 0.01μA. For LED lighting product, it electrostatic discharge immunity test shall be in accordance with GB / T 17626.2 / IEC61000-4-2 conducted. Contact discharge is the preferred test method for each metal parts (excluding terminals) accessible on the cabinet LED lighting products for 20 consecutive discharge, polarity 10 times each. It can be use air contact discharge test if can’t use contact discharge test. Indirect discharges shall be applied to the horizontal or vertical coupling board in accordance with GB / T17626.2 of. To ensure consistency and repeatability of test results, electrostatic discharge test specification must be 7 chapters are arranged according to GB / T17626.2. If you interested in LISUN ESD simulator price, pls. contact us free. ESD61000-2 ESD simulator calibration data are as follows:

Output voltage(KV)	First peak current	30ns position current (A)	60ns position current (A)	Cutting edge (ns)
2	7.29	4.10	2.20	0.93
4	15.40	7.90	4.30	0.97
6	23.20	12.10	6.50	0.97
8	29.40	16.20	9.30	0.89
-2	7.39	3.50	2.30	0.92
-4	15.50	7.70	4.30	0.89
-6	23.40	11.90	6.30	0.90
-8	31.80	16.10	8.20	0.90

Tags：EFT61000-4 , EMI-9KA , EMI-9KB , ESD61000-2 , RWG61000-12 , SG61000-5